Angenish language

Orthography

Generally identical to English, except the following characters:

-          a = /a/

-          đ = /ð or θ/

-          e = /ɛ/

-          i = /i/

-          j = /j/

-          o = /ɔ/

-          ss = /ʃ/

-          u = /u/

-          y = /ʏ/

Cases

There are five cases:

-          Nominative: subject of a verb

-          Accusative: direct object of a verb, or indirect object accompanied by a static preposition (i.e. not one where the noun carries out a motion)

-          Predicative: direct object of the verb “to be”, which is often omitted

-          Lative: indirect object of a verb when accompanied by a preposition of motion (i.e. “towards”, “out of”) – when without a preposition simply means “to” the noun

-          Genitive: “of” a noun – although the genitive is also affixed to the noun which is possessed or the subject of the preposition “of”, e.g. “bussku azengs” – “book of questions”

Nouns are divided into two main classes, masculine (ending in a consonant) and feminine (ending in a vowel). Some masculine nouns, such as “froiđ” (“friend”), take a dual form, referring to two of the noun, in the nominative and accusative, but this is replaced by the plural in most inanimate nouns.

Masculine declension

	Sing	Dual	Plu
Nom	Froiđ	Froiđi	Froiđe
Acc	Froiđ	Froiđ	Froiđe
Pred	Froiđa	Froiđen	Froiđen
Lat	Froiđi	Froiđim	Froiđim
Gen	Froiđu	Froiđes	Froiđes

Feminine declension

Ssesta – sister (generally younger sister)

	Sing	Dual	Plu
Nom	Ssesta	Ssest	Ssest
Acc	Sseste	Ssesti	Ssesti
Pred	Sseste	Ssesten	Ssesten
Lat	Ssestet	Ssestim	Ssestim
Gen	Ssestu	Ssestes	Ssestes

Verb conjugation

Verb infinitives nearly all end in “-nt”, “-t” or “-d”:

-          Dafroid – to befriend

-          Dakynt – to understand

-          Asstet – to resit, relocate, resettle

-nt	Pres	Past
1st sing.	-n	Imperfect	Perfect
2nd sing.	-ts	-nen	-ten
3rd  sing.	-net	-nden	-ten
1st plu.	-ne	Future
2nd plu.	-ne	Imperfect	Perfect
3rd plu.	-ne	-ns	-jen
Present adj.	-ng	-nseg	-jeng

-t	Pres	Past
1st sing.	-n	Imperfect	Perfect
2nd sing.	-ts	-nen	-đen
3rd  sing.	-net	-ten	-den
1st plu.	-	Future
2nd plu.	-	Imperfect	Perfect
3rd plu.	-	-ns	-jen
Present adj.	-ng	-nseg	-jeng

-d	Pres	Past
1st sing.	- đen	Imperfect	Perfect
2nd sing.	-s	-nen	-ssen
3rd  sing.	-đet	-nden	-ten
1st plu.	-te	Future
2nd plu.	-te	Imperfect	Perfect
3rd plu.	-te	-dz	-jen
Present adj.	-ng	-zeg	-jeng

Simple adjectives

Adjectives generally end in –g or –n, and are declined thus:

	Masc	Fem	Plu/Dual
Nom	-g/-n	-ka/-na	-geje/-neje
Acc	-g/-n	-ke/-ne	-gi/-ni
Pred	-ga/-na	-ke/-ne	-gene/-nene
Lat	-ge/-ne	-kte/-t	-mi
Gen	-gu/-nu	-ku/-nu	-gs/-nss

Adjectives which do not decline  this way generally  have a separate feminine form, and are then declined identically to a noun of their class.

Comparative & superlative adjectives

Comparative adjectives, ending in “-er”, and superlatives, ending in “-esser”, are declined very differently:

	Masc	Fem	Plu/Dual
Nom	-er	-erta	-ere
Acc	-er	-erte	-eri
Pred	-era	-erte	-eren
Lat	-ere	-ertet	-erim
Gen	-eru	-ertu	-ers

Selection of vocabulary

-          One – en, enna (f)

-          Two – đvan

-          Three – đrin

-          Four – frer

-          Five – fyn

-          Six – seja

-          Seven – sena

-          Eight – ade

-          Nine – nuje

-          Ten – tyn

-          Gist – to travel

-          Davent – to explore

-          Vent – to make a path

-          Glod – to play

-          Soint – to see

-          Prosoint – to read

-          Osent – to look at

-          Bruđ – brother

-          Jura – year

-          Suna – sun

-          Bussk – book

-          Sstet – to sit down

-          Ssyp – ship

-          Ut – in (acc), into (lat)

-          Ver – for (acc), to (lat)

-          Uyn – outside (acc), from (lat)

-          Đra – at,  beside (acc), through (lat)

-          On – on (acc), onto (lat)

-          Ub – above (acc), up, over (lat)

-          Enner – under, below

-          Ny – not (before verb, after noun in predicate)

-          Ulend – island

-          Na – and

-          Vyđ – what

-          Vuj – who

-          Vyn – when

-          Vyr – where

-          Vend – wind

-          Essen - horse

Verb prefixes

Verbs are often prefixed to slightly alter their meaning:

-          Da- = make -,  -ify (akin to “be-“ in many English words)

-          A- = re-

-          Ab- = up-, out-, over- (abssesta – older sister, abruđ – older brother for example)

-          O- = out-, on-

-          Pe- = by-

Predicative articles

With the predicate, certain articles are used to mark additional tenses:

-          On (+pred) - future imperfective

-          Ub (+pred) – future perfective

-          Ut (+pred) – past imperfective

-          Enner (+pred) – past perfective

When other cases are necessitated in a predicate, these tenses take priority and so are used with their prepositions instead of the predicative. However, if they occur in a tense other than the present, the articles are used with the predicative form of “et” (article for “this”) and then followed by the preposition + marked noun.

Pronouns

	I	You (inf., sing.)	He/it	She	We	You (plu.)	They
N	Iss	Đu	Te	Je	Vin	U	Id
A	Ma	Đa	Ta	Ja	Ve	Ssa	Deja
P	Mi	Đi	Ta	Ja	Vi	Ssi	Dej
L	Me	Đe	To	Jo	Vit	Sse	Dit
G	Am	Đem	Tym	Jym	Vim	Um	Dem

Demonstrative adjectives:

-          Et (masc)/etla (fem) – this/here

-          Đet (masc)/ Đena (fem) – that/there

Possessive adjectives:

-          Mer – my

-          Đener – your

-          Tejer – his/its

-          Ajer – her

-          Aner – our

-          Ssener – your (plu.)

-          Iter - their