Friday 12 January 2018

Just a simple conlang to pass the time, if you want more detailed stuff see previous

Orthography

·         a - /a/
·         b - /b/
·         c - /t͡ʃ/
·         d - /d/ 
·         e - /ə/
·         f - /ɸ/ 
·         g - /g/
·         h - /x/
·         i - /i/
·         k - /k/
·         l - /l/
·         m - /m/
·         n - /n/
·         o - /o/
·         p - /p/
·         r - /r̥/ (/r/ in words beginning with voiced consonants)
·         s - /s/
·         š - /ʃ/
·         t - /t/
·         u - /u/
·         v - /β/
·         y - /j/
·         z - /z/
·         ž - /ʒ/

Noun systems
Nouns are inflected for three kinds of number – singular, plural (some) and collective (all) – and for whether the event described happens in the present or future (with the subject). There are three basic patterns, for nouns ending in consonants and vowels:

Vuy = horse           ondo = city


Sing
Plu
Coll
Sing
Plu
Coll
Pres
Vuy
Vuye
Vuyk*
Ondo
Ond
Ondok
Fut
Vuam*
Vumei
Vumek
Ondom
Ondei
Ondmek

*With nouns not ending in “-y”, these become “-ik” and “-am” on the normal end of the noun.

The word order is Subject-Object-Verb-Prepositional noun.

Verb systems

There is no standard verb ending, but they all must end in a consonant, e.g. “žir” (“to lead”). Verbs are not inflected for person, but take the following forms:

·         Imperative: for giving orders, usually these end in “-ih” e.g. “žirih” (“lead!”)
·         Negative: for the negative form, ending in “-s” or “-is” e.g. “žirs” (“to not lead”). To show the negative in non-standard forms, the prefix “cer” comes before the verb.
·         Past: when the subject noun is in the present form, this shows a standard past tense, but when the subject is in the future, it refers to something that must be done, for a future action (e.g. “stir”, meaning “led”). These have three possible prefixes:
o   “st-“, for those beginning in “s, z, š, ž, c, n” or any vowels
o   “c-“ for those beginning in “t, d, f, v, y, k, g, r, h”
o    “z-“ for those beginning in “l, m, b, p”
·         Repetitive: for something that happens on multiple occasions, or habitually – ends in “-m” or “-im” e.g. “žirm” (“to lead every day, to always lead”)
·         A form for saying “when”, “while” or “once” an action happens or has happened – this ends in “-lu” e.g. “žirlu” (“once … leads”)
·         Interrogative: asking whether something did an action. In the context of lacking an object or subject noun, it can mean “what”, or, with a particle before the verb, “where” (“ton”) or “when” (“e”). This is formed by placing the final vowel after the verb, and replacing it with “-e-“ (“žeri”)

Pronouns



Pres
Fut
Sing
1st p.
Va
Vom

2nd p.
Ka
Kom

3rd p.
I
Im
Plu
1st p.
Evs
Evsam

2nd p.
Ek
Ekam

3rd p.
Ay
Yom
Coll
1st p.
Vih
Vimek

2nd p.
Kih
Kimek

3rd p.
Yah
Yamek

Adjectives

Adjectives end in “-u” or “-ur”, and take the same inflection for either. In their standard form, they are inflected only for plural and collective, with the endings “-e” and “-ek” respectively.

Adjectives also take separate forms to show the predicate (e.g. “I am …”, “You are …”), in the singular and plural/collective and in the present and future. Take “vanu” (“beautiful”):


Present
Future
1st sg.
Vanaf
Vanfom
2nd sg.
Vanak
Vankom
3rd sg.
Vanay
Vanyou
1st pl.
Vanvak
Vanfamek
2nd pl.
Vankak
Vankamek
3rd pl.
Vanyak
Vanyamek

The equivalent of the past form of verbs is shown with the articles “ci”, “sti” or “zi” (these depend on the consonant/vowel at the beginning of the adjective, as detailed in the “Verb System” section)